An Efficient Signaling for Multi-mode Transmission in Multi-user MIMO

In this paper the downlink of a multi-user MIMO (MUMIMO) system with multi-mode transmission is considered. We propose a low-complexity algorithm for selecting users and the corresponding number of data streams to each user, denoted as user transmission mode (UTM). The selection is only based on the average received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the base station (BS) for each user. This reduces the overall amount of feedback for scheduling, as opposed to techniques that assume perfect instantaneous channel state information (CSI) from all users. Analytical average throughput approximations are derived for each user at different UTMs. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides performance close to dirty paper coding (DPC) with considerably reduced feedback

A short review of the use of geophysical prospection methods in Swedish archaeology

Introduction Geophysical prospection has a long history in Sweden, searching for ore bodies and investigating geology, connected to Sweden’s long mining traditions. In archaeology the situation has been quite the opposite. Swedish archaeologists have generally been quite skeptic to use geophysical methods, and as a consequence only a handful geophysical prospection surveys has been conducted each year since the late 1970s. However the last years have seen a shift in the trend with an increasi..

Archaeological prospection in the Swedish mountain tundra region

Introduction During the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2008 scientists from over 60 nations have examined the Arctic and Antarctic environments from different scientific perspectives in over 200 different projects. The focus of the IPY in Sweden has been set on studies of climate change as well as of human cultures and societies in the polar region. These studies were considered important not only from an environmental but also from a cultural perspective. The project Arctic Sweden focus..

A short review of the use of geophysical prospection methods in Swedish archaeology

Introduction Geophysical prospection has a long history in Sweden, searching for ore bodies and investigating geology, connected to Sweden’s long mining traditions. In archaeology the situation has been quite the opposite. Swedish archaeologists have generally been quite skeptic to use geophysical methods, and as a consequence only a handful geophysical prospection surveys has been conducted each year since the late 1970s. However the last years have seen a shift in the trend with an increasi..

Sensing Archaeology in the North: The Use of Non-Destructive Geophysical and Remote Sensing Methods in Archaeology in Scandinavian and North Atlantic Territories

In August 2018, a group of experts working with terrestrial/marine geophysics and remote sensing methods to explore archaeological sites in Denmark, Finland, Norway, Scotland and Sweden gathered together for the first time at the Workshop ‘Sensing Archaeology in The North’. The goal was to exchange experiences, discuss challenges, and consider future directions for further developing these methods and strategies for their use in archaeology. After the event, this special journal issue was arranged to publish papers that are based on the workshop presentations, but also to incorporate work that is produced by other researchers in the field. This paper closes the special issue and further aims to provide current state-of-the-art for the methods represented by the workshop. Here, we introduce the aspects that inspired the organisation of the meeting, a summary of the 12 presentations and eight paper contributions, as well as a discussion about the main outcomes of the workshop roundtables, including the production of two searchable databases (online resources and equipment). We conclude with the position that the ‘North’, together with its unique cultural heritage and thriving research community, is at the forefront of good practice in the application and development of sensing methods in archaeological research and management. However, further method development is required, so we claim the support of funding bodies to back research efforts based on testing/experimental studies to: explore unknown survey environments and identify optimal survey conditions, as well as to monitor the preservation of archaeological remains, especially those that are at risk. It is demonstrated that remote sensing and geophysics not only have an important role in the safeguarding of archaeological sites from development and within prehistorical-historical research, but the methods can be especially useful in recording and monitoring the increased impact of climate change on sites in the North

Retrospective time-trend study of polybrominated diphenyl ether and polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in human serum from the United States.

Six polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), one hexabromobiphenyl [polybrominated biphenyl (PBB)], and one hexachlorobiphenyl [polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB)] were measured in 40 human serum pools collected in the southeastern United States during 1985 through 2002 and in Seattle, Washington, for 1999 through 2002. The concentrations of most of the PBDEs, which are commercially used as flame retardants in common household and commercial applications, had significant positive correlations with time of sample collection, showing that the concentrations of these compounds are increasing in serum collected in the United States. In contrast, PCB and PBB levels were negatively correlated with sample collection year, indicating that the levels of these compounds have been decreasing since their phaseout in the 1970s

Fuchs endoteliala corneala dystrofi : genetisk orsak och som riskfaktor vid gråstarrskirurgi

Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a bilateral, often hereditary degenerative corneal disease, in which the disrupted endothelial cell function causes corneal swelling and reduced vision. An early clinical sign of FECD is corneal guttata, an irregularity of the endothelial layer. Ocular surgery, not least cataract surgery, can lead to endothelial damage and progression of FECD. In Sweden and most Western countries, FECD is the most common indication for corneal transplantation. It has been considered a genetically heterogeneous disease but is increasingly associated with a (CTG)n repeat expansion in transcription factor 4 gene (TCF4).  In this thesis, the association between (CTG)n repeat expansion in TCF4 and FECD was investigated, and it was hypothesised that the repeat length correlates with disease severity. The results show that FECD in Northern Sweden is associated with (CTG)n expansion in the TCF4 gene to a large extent. More precisely, expansion with more than 50 repeats in TCF4 was present in nearly 90% of the 85 tested FECD cases compared to only 3.9% in controls, which is the highest published prevalence to date. The disease's severity was associated with the repeat length in the TCF4 gene with an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 2.13 (95% CI, 1.34-3.39) per repeat length unit.  Further, we studied the impact of corneal guttata on cataract surgery outcome, using the data from nationwide eye registries. We show that patients with corneal guttata/FECD benefit from cataract surgery with improved visual acuity and self-assessed visual function, but that they have a greater risk of corneal transplantation and worse results of the cataract surgery than patients without FECD. The risk of corneal transplantation after cataract surgery in patients with corneal guttata was 68 times higher than in patients without corneal guttata. The risk was highest the first year after cataract surgery and decreased after that. Complicated cataract surgery with a dense lens and posterior capsule rupture, both individually and together, increased the risk of corneal transplantation, independent of corneal guttata.  In conclusion, most patients with FECD and concomitant symptomatic cataract benefit from cataract surgery. It is not surprising that the risk of corneal transplantation after cataract surgery is increased in patients with FECD, as FECD is an indication for corneal transplantation. Still, the vast majority of FECD patients do not undergo a corneal transplant after cataract surgery. With the results of this thesis as a basis, we recommend, to start with cataract surgery before planning for corneal transplantation in most cases of FECD. Additionally, the surgery should be performed before the lens becomes hazardly dense and with caution to minimise the risk of posterior capsule rupture

Arkeologi på Kalfjället : Geofysisk och geokemisk prospektering av RAÄ 1372:1 Sorsele socken, Lappland

This report dels with geophysical and geochemical surveys of a Stone Age settlement site in the mountain tundra region of northern Sweden

Remnant echoes of the past : Archaeological geophysical prospection in Sweden

The aim of this thesis has been to investigate the benefits, pitfalls and possibilities of using geophysical methods in archaeological projects. This is exemplified by surveys carried out at archaeological sites in different geographical and chronological contexts. The thesis also aims at investigating the cause for the under-use of the methods in Swedish archaeology by looking at previously conducted surveys. The methods used during these surveys have been Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), magnetometer, slingram and a kappameter. The surveys in the mountain tundra region of Lapland show that magnetic susceptibility surveys is a valuable aid in discovering heaps of fire-cracked stones and when combined with magnetometry, also hearths. GPR and magnetometer surveys within the Migration Period ringfort Sandbyborg provided the spatial layout of the fort and indicated, along with results from recent excavations and metal detections, many similarities with the ringfort Eketorp II. The non-magnetic character of the sedimentary bedrock on Öland and Gotland is suitable for magnetometer surveys and the method is also highly appropriate for the detection of the remains of high-temperature crafts. GPR surveys at St. Mary’s Dominican convent in Sigtuna produced the spatial layout of the central cloister area. The investigations also show that the geology, pedology, land use and the character of commonly occurring prehistoric remains in Sweden, in certain circumstances and in certain areas, have restricted the possibility of successfully carrying out geophysical surveys. Care must therefore be taken to choose the right instrument for the survey and to tailor the sampling density of each geophysical survey, according to the character and size of the expected archaeological remains, in order to maximize their information return. To increase the use of geophysical methods in Sweden the educational opportunities, both for surveyors and professional archaeologists, need to improve.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Manuscript.</p